Water shutoff valves can range from the main valve found near the water meter where water first enters your home to small, individual fixture shutoff valves that mark the transition from the branch water supply lines to the supply tubes that deliver water to faucets, toilets, and other appliances. Some of these valves are quite large while others are small. Valves generally operate in one of two ways: Either a solid internal part rotates to open or block the flow of water, or some kind of stem with a washer or seal squeezes down to seal the flow of water. Our guide will cover everything you need to know about the main types. Below, we’ll break down the ins and outs of seven water shutoff valves and the factors to consider when choosing which is best for your space. This type of water shutoff valve is often seen at the main water shutoff for the home. You can recognize it because the body of the valve below the handle will usually have a thicker middle section where the ball inside fits. The internal ball has a hole through its center. When the valve is open, the hole is aligned with the direction of the water pipe, allowing water flow. When the handle is closed, the ball rotates 90 degrees, so the hole in the ball is blocked. Gate valves are somewhat unusual in residential plumbing and are more common in industrial applications. But you might find one controlling your main water pipe or on another major water pipe. Sometimes they are found on the pipe leading to a hot water boiler. They are relatively durable and can range widely in cost from affordable to pricey. A globe valve is used in situations where the flow of water might need to be controlled variably. It’s often found controlling pipes that lead outdoors to water spigots but also can be found anywhere a branch of the plumbing line has a shutoff. Internally, fixture shutoff valves might use a compression stem (you will feel a squeeze when closing the valve), but more common is a style that uses a small ball inside. They are available in styles that can be soldered onto copper pipes or solvent-glued onto plastic pipes. More common are compression fittings that slip over the pipe and are tightened down in place. There are also “grip-fit” types (such as SharkBite) that simply slide onto the end of a water pipe and seal by means of an inner gasket. Like the angled fixture shutoff valve, it is inexpensive and somewhat durable. And it’s made of metal with a small handle that allows you to easily open or close off the flow of water. For a sprinkler system, the valve is buried in the ground below the freeze line and turned on and off with a special key. When it’s turned off, the waste hole opens to allow the line to drain. These valves are moderately expensive and durable as long as they are buried appropriately. Needle valves are not regarded as very dependable or durable valves, and they can range widely in cost. Most codes now require that this kind of connection be made with a standard fixture shutoff valve instead. Another important factor to consider is the location of the valve. This is especially true of fixture valves. You’ll need to note whether your specific fixture requires a straight or angled valve, depending on the location of the pipes.
