There are more than 100 species of Podocarpus trees and shrubs, which are known for minimal care. These conifers produce a fleshy seed cone with two to five scales. The scales swell and become berry-like, serving as an attractive food source to many types of birds. Some, but not all, members of the species are dioecious, which means that plants are male or female and both are required for pollination to occur. Podocarpus are toxic to pets.
Light
This large genus of trees is not fussy about the amount of sunlight they receive. They can be grown in both sun or shade, although more sunshine will encourage better growth.
Soil
Podocarpus trees prefer moist, well-draining, sandy soils but can tolerate a wide range of any well-draining soil types. They do not tolerate heavy, soggy soils.
Water
Podocarpus trees need consistent watering during their first year of growth. These trees like moist soil, but do not fair well in soggy soil. Therefore, water deeply and infrequently, waiting until the soil begins to dry to water again. It is best to water at the base of the plant to avoid splashing water on the foliage, as this can lead to mold or mildew. After they are established, Podocarpus trees are drought tolerant and often do not require supplemental water except during prolonged periods of dry weather.
Temperature and Humidity
Podocarpus trees are hardy in USDA hardiness zones 8 through 11 and do not tolerate cold temperatures. Temperatures above 55 to 60 degrees Fahrenheit are ideal. These trees do best with moderate humidity levels. If you are gardening in a region outside of their hardiness zone, plant smaller species in containers and overwinter them in a greenhouse or indoors in a location that receives bright sunshine.
Fertilizer
Podocarpus trees do not require very much fertilizer, but a yearly light fertilizing will encourage lush, green growth. Use a slow-release fertilizer designed for trees and shrubs. Feed plants in the spring to encourage new growth. You might have to fertilizer throughout the growing season, depending on your soil type. Very sandy soils might need a fertilizer high in magnesium. Cease fertilizing in the fall to avoid stimulating new growth that can be damaged by frost.
Types of Podocarpus Trees
Podocarpus macrophyllus ‘Maki’: This dwarf variety is a small shrub reaching eight feet in height. These are often used as smaller, well-pruned hedges. Podocarpus gracilior: Also known as Afrocarpus gracilior, this larger tree variety can reach up to 40 feet tall, although it can be pruned and maintained at shorter heights or in unique shapes. Podocarpus henkelii: This unique variety is known for its long, drooping, flat, needle-like foliage that gives this tree both an evergreen and palm-like appearance. It can reach 25 to 35 feet in height.
Pruning
Pruning is not required but can be done any time of year to keep the shrub or tree in a particular shape or to remove dead or damaged wood. It is best not to prune in the fall to minimize the potential of new growth, which can be easily damaged in the soon-to-arrive cold temperatures.
Propagating Podocarpus Trees
Propagation can be done through stem cuttings, though it is sometimes difficult for the cuttings to root. If you would like to try this propagation method, you will need a pair of garden snips, a small pot, rich, well-draining potting soil, and rooting hormone. Then, follow these instructions:
How to Grow Podocarpus Trees From Seed
Podocarpus trees can be grown from seed, though this method requires patience. To do this, you will need sphagnum moss, a plastic bag, potting soil, and a small pot.
Potting and Repotting Podocarpus Trees
Podocarpus trees, depending on the species, can be grown in containers. This is ideal for small varieties being grown in regions with cold winters, as the pot can be moved indoors to be protected from cold temperatures and harsh winter winds. When potting, be sure to choose a pot that is several inches larger than the root system to ensure it has plenty of room for growth. The container must have drainage holes to ensure proper water drainage. When the plant’s root system fills the container and no longer has room to grow, it is time to repot. Gently tip the pot onto its side and tap until the plant and its roots slide out. Plant it into a larger container filled with well-draining soil and bury the plant at the same depth it was in its original pot. Do not bury it deeper than it was before. Water thoroughly until you see water draining from the drainage hole.
Overwintering
Podocarpus trees cannot tolerate very cold temperatures and are hardy in USDA hardiness zone 8 or higher. Therefore, when grown in areas colder than this, Podocarpus trees must be moved indoors for protection from cold temperatures.
Common Problems With Podocarpus Trees
Podocarpus trees are known for needing very little attention. They do not often present the gardener with perplexing problems, though a few common issues may arise, leading to foliage discoloration.
Brown Leaves
Although these plants are drought resistant, brown leaves can be a sign that the tree is suffering from a lack of water. If this occurs, water deeply. Be sure not to make the soil too soggy, as this can cause other problems.
Gray Leaves
Gray leaves can be a sign of overwatering, which can result in root rot and fungal diseases. If you notice gray leaves, reduce watering. If the soil is not draining well enough, try adding finished compost or sand to the surrounding area to improve drainage.
