In a closed system, the extra water volume that results from heating puts stress on other parts of the plumbing system and can result in broken pipes, leaky taps, relief-line leaks, or a damaged or leaking water heater. If the water pressure increase is severe, there can be even more serious damage to the water heater, possibly posing a safety hazard. So, for reasons of safety, most plumbing codes require both residential and commercial plumbing systems have ways to accommodate water heater thermal expansion. The problem is more likely to occur on water heaters that do not have an expansion tank installed in the home’s water system but do have a check valve on the cold water supply line. This check valve is designed to keep water expansion from pushed back into the city water system, but unless there is an expansion tank in the system, the pressure has nowhere to go — except to put stress on the water heater tank itself and surrounding pipes. In this kind of situation, it isn’t enough to replace the water heater, because the pressure fluctuation will continue to stress the plumbing system. Nor does the standard temperature and pressure relief valve (T&P) adequately correct the water heater thermal expansion problem. The only truly effective solution is to install a water expansion tank that provides the extra space for water expanded through heating. If you know you have a closed plumbing system, or if you’ve had thermal expansion water heater damage, you should install an expansion tank. Required by plumbing codes, this safety precaution is a good way to prevent damage to your plumbing lines and fixtures.
