How the Furnace Switch Works
According to building codes, a furnace must be supplied by a dedicated circuit, meaning the circuit cannot supply power to anything other than the furnace. This circuit is served by its own circuit breaker in the breaker box (properly called the main service panel). The circuit wiring runs from the service panel to the disconnect switch, and from there to the furnace. Generally, the disconnect switch looks exactly like an ordinary wall switch used to control light fixtures. In order to ensure safety while working on the furnace, you can shut off the power to the furnace’s circuit at either the circuit breaker or the disconnect, or both. The disconnect switch not only adds convenience, it’s also an additional safety feature. It ensures that power to the furnace stays disconnected even if someone unwittingly turns on the circuit breaker.
Types of Disconnect Switches
Furnace switches come in two basic varieties. The current standard is a single-pole switch similar to a standard light switch. The switch must be rated for the voltage and amperage of the furnace circuit. Some older furnaces, particularly old oil-burner units, have fused disconnect switches. This is a specialty switch that includes both a fuse and a toggle switch. You can disconnect the power to the furnace by unscrewing the fuse or shutting off the switch, or both. The fuse screws into the fuse socket and is covered by a metal lid that is hinged on one side. Fused switches may be required by local code and by the furnace manufacturer, or both. Check with the local building authority for specific requirements.
Lockable Breaker
Some local codes may allow a “lockable breaker” as a furnace disconnect, in place of a switch near the furnace. Given the lack of convenience and potential safety risk, this isn’t an ideal setup and it isn’t recommended for new furnace installations. But if your old furnace doesn’t have a disconnect switch within sight of the furnace itself, check the circuit breaker to see if it has a locking device. If not, it’s a good idea to have a disconnect switch installed to ensure safety for the next time the furnace needs maintenance or repairs.
