The History of Modern Landscaping
Modern landscaping didn’t arise out of one “school” of design but rather combines a number of influences and aesthetics. Mid-century design is surely an influence, particularly the geometric shapes and dramatic contrasts seen in prominent architects of the period like Frank Lloyd Wright. Brutalism is also an influence, particularly its use of building materials like concrete over natural stone. Concrete is less expensive than other traditional materials, giving it some desirability in urban planning for budget concerns. There is also an element of industrial design in modern landscaping, as older factories and other buildings are repurposed (for example, the Tate Modern in London is an old power station, built between 1947 and 1963, but closed in 1981, that is now an art museum; Mass MOCA, in North Adams, Massachusetts, an art and performance space, was once an airplane hangar).
Principles and Elements of Modern Landscaping
Modern landscaping is dependent on three major components: design, materials, and function. Design and materials comprise the look of modern landscaping and define its impact in space and its significance alongside older landscaping styles. Part of the reason function is so important is that modern landscaping seeks to redefine how we use outdoor spaces. Modern landscaping doesn’t lend itself to the idea of “gardening” as quickly as more traditional modes of landscaping. Though to gardeners it may seem like blasphemy, many garden spaces these days are seen as places to visit for a short time, or view on the way to something else, as opposed to a place one “lives” or actually creates and maintains. This makes modern landscaping, on some level, more concerned with aesthetics that other styles. The design elements most commonly seen in modern landscaping are clean, straight lines, a balanced sense of scale, a careful mix of textures, and, usually, a limited use of color. Instead of the riotous color seen in more traditional gardens, modern landscapes utilize more neutral tones and emphasize foliage over flowers, which keeps the design looking more consistent over time. A modern approach to materials often means manufactured: concrete pavers or walkways, corrugated metal gates, fences made of metal or fiberglass. That absence of wood and stone may feel odd and artificial to some gardeners, but it can be balanced out by including some small trees or shrubs, or a selection of container plantings, where a flower bed might normally go, as well as natural stone sculptures. Modern landscaping is not just about aesthetics, though. Sustainability is also a factor with modern landscaping, especially in areas where residents are mindful of climate change. Rainwater collection, solar power and wind power are all aspects of design that may be incorporated into landscaping choices. Plantings that allow for use of grey water, easy composting or watering through run off collection are other possibilities.
Walkways and Pavers
Modern landscaping has bold walkways and pavers are usually symmetrical and angled as opposed to curved or organic shapes. Pavers are often made of poured concrete, or cut bluestone. Brick is not seen as often, because its color variations and organic looking quality don’t fit this aesthetic. Raised walkways are also seen, for their visual interest and also their suitability for houses built on slabs, stilts or platforms. We’ll be seeing more of this as movable or kit-built tiny homes become more popular among homeowners.
Water Features
Modern landscaping’s focus on location and dramatic details often means incorporating a water feature. That water features may include an infinity pool, or a natural pool that not only enhances the design but promotes landscape sustainability.
Plants to Choose
Modern landscaping is often less concerned with perennial gardening that offer a shifting palette through the seasons than it is with consistency and low maintenance. Mulch and gravel often form a large area of the design, so plants compatible with these materials are desirable. Choose trees that don’t get too big or need too much pruning. Fruiting trees are good for the sustainability factor, but some fruiting trees can leave a mess on walkways or patios, which is something to consider for public spaces. Spatial concerns may mean having to get creative, such as using container plantings that can be moved around, or plantings that make the most of vertical space. Modern design tends to favor simple color palettes, but a mix of plant textures can keep things dynamic.
